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The robotic mission would involve sending a spacecraft to land on asteroid 2004 MN4. The instrument would send out radio signals that could be picked up by Earth-based observatories, allowing scientists to determine the asteroid's location more precisely. They could then predict 2004 MN4's orbit with more accuracy, to see whether it will pose a threat to the Earth in the future.
The probe could also collect data about the asteroid's structure and composition. Many scientists believe we are now at a stage where technology may allow us to prevent Near Earth Object (NEO) collisions. In order for such plans to work successfully, it is vital that we understand the properties of asteroids.
2004 MN4 caused some concern around Christmas when it briefly was given the highest Torino rating ever assigned to an object, of a possible collision with the Earth in 2029. Further observations allowed scientists to rule out an impact in 2029, but there is currently a 1 in 14 thousand chance of an impact in 2036. Continuing observations usually allow most of these 'virtual' orbits to be ruled out.
Gareth Williams of the Minor Planet Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA is in favour of Schweickart's proposal. He said "If we observe the signal, that gives us a very good handle on the position and velocity of the object, which means we get a massive improvement in orbit determination. It would be a good test case for a more dangerous object."
"I am calling upon them to address the overall issue of responsibility for Near Earth Object activity in the US government, which does not exist right now," said Schweickart.
More info: Minor Planet Center
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